Every particle either has or can be given a charge—positive
or negative. Let's suppose we
impart a negative charge to all the particles in a gas
stream. Then suppose we set up a
grounded plate having a positive charge. What would happen?
The negatively charged particle
would migrate to the grounded collection plate and be
captured. The particles would quickly
collect on the plate, creating a dust layer. The dust layer
would accumulate until we removed
it, which we could do by rapping the plate or by spraying it
with a liquid. Charging, collecting,
and removing—that's the basic idea of an ESP.
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